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D
Debt-to-income ratio: a comparison of gross income
to housing and non-housing expenses; With the FHA, the-monthly mortgage
payment should be no more than 29% of monthly gross income (before
taxes) and the mortgage payment combined with non-housing debts
should not exceed 41% of income.
Deed: the document that transfers ownership of
a property.
Deed-in-lieu: to avoid foreclosure ("in lieu"
of foreclosure), a deed is given to the lender to fulfill the obligation
to repay the debt; this process doesn't allow the borrower to remain
in the house but helps avoid the costs, time, and effort associated
with foreclosure.
Default: the inability to pay monthly mortgage
payments in a timely manner or to otherwise meet the mortgage terms.
Delinquency: failure of a borrower to make timely
mortgage payments under a loan agreement.
Discount point: normally paid at closing and generally
calculated to be equivalent to 1% of the total loan amount, discount
points are paid to reduce the interest rate on a loan.
Down payment: the portion of a home's purchase
price that is paid in cash and is not part of the mortgage loan.
E
Earnest money: money put down by a potential buyer
to show that he or she is serious about purchasing the home; it
becomes part of the down payment if the offer is accepted, is returned
if the offer is rejected, or is forfeited if the buyer pulls out
of the deal.
EEM: Energy Efficient Mortgage; an FHA program
that helps homebuyers save money on utility bills by enabling them
to finance the cost of adding energy efficiency features to a new
or existing home as part of the home purchase
Equity: an owner's financial interest in a property;
calculated by subtracting the amount still owed on the mortgage
loon(s)from the fair market value of the property.
Escrow account: a separate account into which
the lender puts a portion of each monthly mortgage payment; an escrow
account provides the funds needed for such expenses as property
taxes, homeowners insurance, mortgage insurance, etc.
F
Fair Housing Act: a law that prohibits discrimination
in all facets of the homebuying process on the basis of race, color,
national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability.
Fair market value: the hypothetical price that
a willing buyer and seller will agree upon when they are acting
freely, carefully, and with complete knowledge of the situation.
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association
(FNMA); a federally-chartered enterprise owned by private stockholders
that purchases residential mortgages and converts them into securities
for sale to investors; by purchasing mortgages, Fannie Mae supplies
funds that lenders may loan to potential homebuyers.
FHA: Federal Housing Administration; established
in 1934 to advance homeownership opportunities for all Americans;
assists homebuyers by providing mortgage insurance to lenders to
cover most losses that may occur when a borrower defaults; this
encourages lenders to make loans to borrowers who might not qualify
for conventional mortgages.
Fixed-rate mortgage: a mortgage with payments
that remain the same throughout the life of the loan because the
interest rate and other terms are fixed and do not change.
Flood insurance: insurance that protects homeowners
against losses from a flood; if a home is located in a flood plain,
the lender will require flood insurance before approving a loan.
Foreclosure: a legal process in which mortgaged
property is sold to pay the loan of the defaulting borrower.
Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(FHLM); a federally-chartered corporation that purchases residential
mortgages, securitizes them, and sells them to investors; this provides
lenders With funds for new homebuyers.
Mortgage Glossary continued...
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